Transfusion-associated Adverse Events  

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TraQ clearinghouse for literature and news about TA adverse events

Also see Complications (selection of earlier literature)

Other literature clearinghouses:
Economics | Pretransfusion | Technology | TM in developing countries

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Key: Full text  

• Also see Adverse events  (UK NBS - systematic review initiative)

Autologous

Sazama K. Managing infectious or untested autologous blood components: The ethical dilemma of private rights versus public safety. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005 Oct;129(10):1212–3.

Shulman IA, Osby M. Storage and transfusion of infected autologous blood or components: a survey of North American laboratories. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005; 129(8):981–3.

Ira A. Shulman, Lieta M. Maffei LM, Downes KA. North American pretransfusion testing practices, 2001–2004: results from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program Survey data, 2001–2004. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005; 129(8): 984–9.

Allergic

Arnold DM, Blajchman MA, Ditomasso J, Kulczycki M, Keith PK. Passive transfer of peanut hypersensitivity by fresh frozen plasma. Arch Intern Med 2007 Apr 23;167(8):853–4.

Johansson SG, Nopp A, Florvaag E, Lundahl J, Soderstrom T, Guttormsen AB, et al. High prevalence of IgE antibodies among blood donors in Sweden and Norway. Allergy 2005 Oct; 60(10):1312–5.

Robitaille N, Delage G, Long A, Thibault L, Robillard P. Allergic transfusion reactions from blood components donated by IgA-deficient donors with and without anti-IgA: a comparative retrospective study. Vox Sang 2010 Aug; 99(2):136–41. [Epub ahead of print: 21 Mar 2010]

Cost-related issues

Ezidiegwu CN, Lauenstein KJ, Rosales LG, Kelly KC. Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Management by premedication and cost implications in adult patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004 Sep;128(9):991–5. 

Shermock KM, Horn E, Lipsett PA, Pronovost PJ, Dorman T. Number needed to treat and cost of recombinant human erythropoietin to avoid one transfusion-related adverse event in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2005 Mar;33(3):497–503.

Donor complications

Das SS, Chaudhary R, Khetan D, Shukla JS, Agarwal P, Mishra RB. Calcium and magnesium levels during automated plateletpheresis in normal donors. Transfus Med 2005 Jun;15(3):233–6.

Winters JL. Complications of donor apheresis. J Clin Apher 2005 May 6.

Febrile, non-hemolytic

Ezidiegwu CN, Lauenstein KJ, Rosales LG, Kelly KC. Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Management by premedication and cost implications in adult patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004 Sep;128(9):991–5. 

Geiger TL, Howard SC. Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine premedication for allergic and febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions: good prophylaxis or bad practice? Transfus Med Rev 2007 Jan;21(1):1–12.

Sanders RP, Maddirala SD, Geiger TL, Pounds S, Sandlund JT, Ribeiro RC, et al. Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children. Br J Haematol 2005 Sep;130(5):781–7.

Tazzari PL, Bontadini A, Zamagni C, Ricci F, Fruet F, Iannelli S, Conte R. Febrile nonhaemolytic transfusion reaction caused by antibodies against human platelet antigen 5a. Transfus Med 2005 Oct;15(5):443–4.

General

Bakdash S, Yazer MH. What every physician should know about transfusion reactions. CMAJ 2007 Jul 17; 177(2):141–7.

Barger LK, Ayas NT, Cade BE, Cronin JW, Rosner B, et al. Impact of extended-duration shifts on medical errors, adverse events, and attentional failures. PLoS Med 2006;3(12): e487.

Bennett-Guerrero E, Veldman TH, Doctor A, Telen MJ, Ortel TL, Reid TS, Mulherin MA, Zhu H, Buck RD, Califf RM, McMahon TJ. Evolution of adverse changes in stored RBCs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 11; [Epub ahead of print] also see Reynolds, et al. below

 Transfusion and risk of infection in Canada: Update 2006 (Canadian Paediatric Society)

Dutton RP, Shih D, Edelman BB, Hess J, Scalea TM. Safety of uncrossmatched type-o red cells for resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma 2005 Dec;59(6):1445–9.

Edgren G, et al. Risk of cancer after blood transfusion from donors with subclinical cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2007 May 19;369(9574):1724–30.

Hendrickson JE, Hillyer CD. Noninfectious serious hazards of transfusion. Anesth Analg. 2009 Mar;108(3):759–69.

Higgins C. Defining who benefits from red cell transfusion.  Biomedical Scientist, May 2005, pp. 438–9.

Hill B. Zero risk at all cost in blood transfusion . Biomedical Scientist, April 2005, pp. 367–8.

Lundy D, Laspina S, Kaplan H, Fastman BR,  Lawlor E. Seven hundred and fifty-nine (759) chances to learn: a 3-year pilot project to analyse transfusion-related near-miss events in the Republic of Ireland. Vox Sang 2007 Apr;92(3):233–41.

Madjdpour C, Heindl V, Spahn DR. Risks, benefits, alternatives and indications of allogenic blood transfusions. Minerva Anestesiol 2006 May;72(5):283-98.

Murphy MF, Howell C; National Blood Transfusion Committee in England. Survey of the implementation of the recommendations in the Health Service Circular 2002/009 'Better Blood Transfusion'. Transfus Med 2005 Dec;15(6):453–60. 

Natanson C, J.Kern SJ, Lurie P, Banks SM, Wolfe SM. Cell-free hemoglobin-based blood substitutes and risk of myocardial infarction and death. a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;299(19):(doi:10.1001/jama.299.19.jrv80007).

Fergusson DA, McIntyre L. The future of clinical trials evaluating blood substitutes (editorial). JAMA. 2008; 299(19):(doi:10.1001/jama.299.19.jed80027).

Use Of hemoglobin-based blood substitutes associated with increased risk of death, heart attack, study shows

O'Brien SF, Yi Q-L, Fan W, Scalia V, Kleinman SH , Vamvakas EC. Current incidence and estimated residual risk of transfusion-transmitted infections in donations made to Canadian Blood Services. Transfusion 2007 Feb;47(2): 316–25.

Padosch SA, Schmidt PH, Pedal I, Franchy C, Hoch J, Madea B. Medicolegal assessment of blood transfusion errors - An interdisciplinary challenge. Forensic Sci Int. 2007 Jan 11;Epub ahead of print.

Quillen K, Murphy K. Reducing the risk of mistransfusion. (letter) Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009 Feb;133(2):176.

Rajagopalan S, Mascha E, Na J, Sessler DI. The effects of mild perioperative hypothermia on blood loss and transfusion requirement. Anesthesiology 2008 Jan;108(1):71–7. Also see:

Reynolds JD, Ahearn GS, Angelo M, Zhang J, Cobb F, Stamler JS. S-nitrosohemoglobin deficiency: A mechanism for loss of physiological activity in banked blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007 Oct 11 [Epub ahead of print]

Rich S. How human factors lead to medical device adverse events (FDA: reprinted from June Nursing 2008; 38(6):62–3)

Schmunis GA, Cruz JR. Safety of the blood supply in Latin America. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005 Jan;18(1):12–29.

Seiden SC, Barach P. Wrong-side/wrong-site, wrong-procedure, and wrong-patient adverse events: Are they preventable? Arch Surg 2006 Sep;141(9):931–9.

Stainsby D, Russell J, Cohen H, Lilleyman J. Reducing adverse events in blood transfusion. Br J Haematol 2005 Oct;131(1):8–12.

Troxel DB. Medicolegal aspects of errors in pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006 May;130(5):617–9.

Vamvakas EC, Blajchman MA. Blood still kills: six strategies to further reduce allogeneic blood transfusion-related mortality. Transfus Med Rev 2010 Apr;24(2):77–124.

Graft-vs-Host Disease

Riddell SR, Appelbaum FR. Graft-versus-host disease: a surge of developments. PLoS Med 2007;4(7), e198

Sage D, Stanworth S, Turner D, Navarrete C. Diagnosis of transfusion-associated graft-vs.-host disease: the importance of short tandem repeat analysis. Transfus Med. 2005 Dec;15(6):481–5.

Hemolytic transfusion reactions

International Forum (multiple authors): Prevention and diagnosis of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions. Vox Sang 2006; 91(4): 353–68.

Browning LA, Kruse JA. Hemolysis and methemoglobinemia secondary to rasburicase administration. Ann Pharmacother 2005 Nov;39(11):1932–5.

Darabi K, Dzik S. Hyperhemolysis syndrome in anemia of chronic disease. Transfusion 2005 Dec;45(12):1930–3. 

Buchta C, Macher M, Hocker P. Potential approaches to prevent uncommon hemolytic side effects of AB0 antibodies in plasma derivatives. Biologicals 2005 Mar;33(1):41–8.

Davenport RD. Pathophysiology of hemolytic transfusion reactions. Semin Hematol 2005 Jul;42(3):165–8.

Gaines, A R. Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with acute hemoglobinemia or hemoglobinuria following Rho(D) Immune Globulin Intravenous administration for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2005 Sep1; 106(5):1532–37. | Also see TraQ Case-O1: Severe hemolysis in a patient with ITP who has received RhIG

Gupta S, Piefer CL, Fueger JT, Johnson ST, Punzalan RC. Trimethoprim-induced immune hemolytic anemia in a pediatric oncology patient presenting as an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Jun 29. [Epub ahead of print]

Mair DC, Eastlund T, Rosen G, Covin R, Harmon JV, Menser M, et al. Hemolysis during percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy can mimic a hemolytic transfusion reaction. Transfusion 2005 Aug;45(8):1291–4.

Melve GK, Hervig T, Seghatchian J. Self-treatment of an ABO-incompatible blood transfusion. Transfus Apher Sci. 2010 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]

Pomper GJ, Joseph RA, Hartmann EL, Rohr MS, Adams PL, Stratta RJ. Massive immune hemolysis caused by anti-D after dual kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2005 Oct;5(10):2586–9.

Sadani DT, Urbaniak SJ, Bruce M, Tighe JE. Repeat ABO-incompatible platelet transfusions leading to haemolytic transfusion reaction. Transfus Med 2006 Oct;16(5):375–9.

Sapatnekar S, Sharma G, Downes KA, Wiersma S, McGrath C, Yomtovian R. Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction in a pediatric patient following transfusion of apheresis platelets. J Clin Apher 2005 Nov 1 (epub, ahead of print)

Takeuchi C, Ohto H, Miura S, Yasuda H, Ono S, Ogata T. Delayed and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions resulting from red cell antibodies and red cell-reactive HLA antibodies. Transfusion 2005 Dec;45(12):1925–9.

Win N, Madan B, Gale R, Matthey F. Intravenous immunoglobulin given to lymphoma patients with recurrent haemolytic transfusion reactions after transfusion of compatible blood. Hematology 2005 Oct;10(5):375–8.

Yazdanbakhsh K. Review: complement receptor 1 therapeutics for prevention of immune hemolysis. Immunohematol 2005;21(3):109-18.

Yuan S, Armour R, Reid A, Abdel-Rahman KF, Rumsey DM, Phillips M, Nester T. Case report: massive postpartum transfusion of Jr(a+) red cells in the presence of anti-Jra. Immunohematol 2005;21(3):97–101.

Yürek S, Riess H, Kreher S, Dörken B, Salama A. Fatal immune haemolysis due to antibodies to individual metabolites of 5-fluorouracil. Transfus Med 2010; 20(4):265–8.
 

Miscellaneous

Asfour M, Narvios A, Lichtiger B. Transfusion of RhD-incompatible blood components in RhD-negative blood marrow transplant recipients. MedGenMed. 2004 Jul 13;6(3):22.

Kozarski TB, Howanitz PJ, Howanitz JH, Nenad Lilic N, Chauhan YS. Blood transfusions leading to apparent hemoglobin C, S, and O-Arab hemoglobinopathies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006 Dec;130(12):1830–3.

Mangalmurti NS, Xiong Z, Hulver M, Ranganathan M, Liu XH, Oriss T, Fitzpatrick M, Rubin M, Triulzi D, Choi A, Lee JS. Loss of red cell chemokine scavenging promotes transfusion related lung inflammation. Blood 2008 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]Mauricio R, de Sousa G, Seghatchian J. What's happening: an overview of potential adverse reactions associated with apheresis technology. Transfus Apher Sci 2005 Nov;33(3):351–6.

Zimring JC, Hair GA, Chadwick TE, Deshpande SS, Anderson KM, Hillyer CD, et al. Nonhemolytic antibody-induced loss of erythrocyte surface antigen. Blood 2005 Aug 1;106(3):1105–12.

• Spitalnik SL. Yin and yang in transfusion medicine (comment). Blood 2005 Aug 1;106(3):771–2.

Patient identification

Ahrens N, Pruss A, Kiesewetter H, Salama A. Failure of bedside ABO testing is still the most common cause of incorrect blood transfusion in the Barcode era. Transfus Apher Sci 2005 Aug;33(1):25–9.

Cummins D. Patient identification: hybrids and doppelgangers. Ann Clin Biochem. 2007 Mar;44(Pt 2):106–10.

Sandler SG, Langeberg A, Dohnalek L. Bar code technology improves positive patient identification and transfusion safety. Dev Biol (Basel) 2005;120:19–24.

Schmidt-Hieber M, Schuster R, Nogai A, Thiel E, Hopfenmuller W, Notter M. Error management of emergency transfusions: a surveillance system to detect safety risks in day to day practice. Transfus Apher Sci 2006 Oct;35(2):125–30.

Short R. Poor checks for bedside blood transfusion put patients at risk. BMJ 2006 May 20;332:1171.

News item: John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford completes trial of fully automated transfusion process (21 July 2005)

Wagar EA, Tamashiro L, Yasin B, Hilborne L, Bruckner DA. Patient safety in the clinical laboratory: A longitudinal analysis of specimen identification errors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130(11):1662–8.

Platelets

Clark P, Parsons TM, Boyd JC, Dewey P, Mintz PD. Imported platelets demonstrate decreased pH and glucose by reagent strip testing when compared to locally derived platelets. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2006 Autumn;36(4):443–6.

Easley S, Yomtovian RA, Sullivan P, Jacobs MR. Development of proficiency testing for detection of bacterial contamination of platelet products.Transfusion 2007 Feb;47(2):251–5.

Fang CT, Chambers LA, Kennedy J, Strupp A, Fucci MC, Janas JA, Tang Y, Hapip CA, Lawrence TB, Dodd RY; American Red Cross Regional Blood Centers. Detection of bacterial contamination in apheresis platelet products: American Red Cross experience, 2004. Transfusion 2005 Dec;45(12):1845–52.

Fung MK, Downe KAs, Shulman IA. Transfusion of platelets containing ABO-incompatible plasma: a survey of 3156 North American laboratories. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007; 131(6:909–16.

Killie MK, Kjeldsen-Kragh J, Husebekk A, Skogen B, Olsen JA, Kristiansen IS. Cost-effectiveness of antenatal screening for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. BJOG 2007 May;114(5):588–95.

Lessa F, Leparc GF, Benson K, Sanderson R, Van Beneden CA, Shewmaker PL, et al. Fatal group C streptococcal infection due to transfusion of a bacterially contaminated pooled platelet unit despite routine bacterial culture screening. Transfusion 2008 Jun 18; [Epub ahead of print]

Morishita K, Wakamoto S, Miyazaki T, Sato S, Fujihara M, Kaneko S, et al. Life-threatening adverse reaction followed by thrombocytopenia after passive transfusion of fresh frozen plasma containing anti-CD36 (Nak) isoantibody. Transfusion 2005 May;45(5):803–6.

Peterson JA, Balthazor SM, Curtis BR, McFarland JG, Aster RH. Maternal alloimmunization against the rare platelet-specific antigen HPA-9b (Max a) is an important cause of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion 2005 Sep;45(9):1487–95.

Seghatchian J. Platelet storage lesion: an update on the impact of various leukoreduction processes on the biological response modifiers. Transfus Apher Sci 2006 Feb;34(1):125–30.

TRALI

• News item: Gender matters in preventing TRALI from plasma transfusions (22 Jan. 2007)

• Intravenous immune globulin: suspected association with transfusion-related acute lung injury (CARN, Oct. 2008)

Boshkov LK. Transfusion-related acute lung injury and the ICU. Crit Care Clin 2005 Jul;21(3):479–95.

Bux J. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): a serious adverse event of blood transfusion.
Vox Sang 2005 Jul;89(1):1–0.

Bux J, Sachs UJ. The pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Br J Haemato. 2007 Mar;136(6):788–99.

Church GD, Price C,Sanchez R, Looney MR. Transfusion-related acute lung injury in the paediatric patient: two case reports and a review of the literature. Transfus Med 2006 Oct;16(5):343–?.

Dunn P, Dinesh D. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): a review of investigations by the National Tissue Typing Laboratory of cases reported in New Zealand since June 2004. N Z Med J 2008 Jun 20;121(1276):42–7.

Famularo G, Galluzzo M. Transfusion-related acute lung injury. CMAJ 2007;177 149–50.

Fontaine MJ, Malone J, Mullins FM, Grumet FC. Diagnosis of transfusion-related acute lung injury: TRALI or not TRALI? Ann Clin Lab Sci 2006; 36:53–8.

Kleinman S, Caulfield T, Chan P, Davenport R, McFarland J, McPhedran S, et al. Toward an understanding of transfusion-related acute lung injury: statement of a consensus panel. Transfusion 2004 Dec;44(12): 1774–89.

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Kram R, Loer SA. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: lack of recognition because of unawareness of this complication? Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005 May;22(5):369–72

Lin Y, Kanani N, Naughton F, Pendergrast J, Karkouti K. Case report: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) A clear and present danger. Can J Anaesth. 2007 Dec;54(12):1011–6. [Presentation de cas : Lesion pulmonaire aigue associee a la transfusion (TRALI) Un danger net et present].

Marik PE, Corwin HL. Acute lung injury following blood transfusion: Expanding the definition. Crit Care Med. 2008 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print]

Middelburg RA, van Stein D, Briët E, van der Bom JG. The role of donor antibodies in the pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury: a systematic review. Transfusion 2008 Oct;48(10):2167–76.

Rajan GR. Severe transfusion-related acute lung injury in the intensive care unit secondary to transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. Anaesth Intensive Care 2005 Jun;33(3):400–2.

Sachs UJ, Link E, Hofmann C, Wasel W, Bein G. Screening of multiparous women to avoid transfusion-related acute lung injury: a single centre experience. Transfus Med. 2008 Dec;18(6):348–54.

Win N, Chapman CE, Bowles KM, Green A, Bradley S, Edmondson D, Wallis JP. How much residual plasma may cause TRALI? Transfus Med. 2008 Oct;18(5):276–80.

Transmissible diseases

• TraQ clearinghouses:  Chagas | vCJD | WNV

Bacteria (also see Platelets above)

Public Health Agency of Canada: Guideline for investigation of suspected transfusion transmitted bacterial contamination. CCDR 2008;34S1:1–8.

Buddeberg F, Schimmer BB, Spahn DR. Transfusion-transmissible infections and transfusion-related immunomodulation. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2008 Sep;22(3):503–17.

Dunne WM Jr, Case LK, Isgriggs L, Lublin DM. In-house validation of the BACTEC 9240 blood culture system for detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates. Transfusion.2005 Jul;45(7):1138–42.

Ebner W, Meyer E, Schulz-Huotari C, Scholz R, Zilow G, Daschner FD. Pseudocontamination of blood components with Burkholderia cepacia during quality controls. Transfus Med 2005 Jun;15(3):241–2.

Hundhausen T, Muller TH; GERMS Group. False-positive alarms for bacterial screening of platelet concentrates with BacT/ALERT new-generation plastic bottles: a multicenter pilot study. Transfusion 2005 Aug;45(8):1267–74.

Larsen CP, Ezligini F, Hermansen NO, Kjeldsen-Kragh J. Six years' experience of using the BacT/ALERT system to screen all platelet concentrates, and additional testing of outdated platelet concentrates to estimate the frequency of false-negative results. Vox Sang 2005 Feb;88(2):93–7.

Lessa F, Leparc GF, Benson K, Sanderson R, Van Beneden CA, Shewmaker PL, et al. Fatal group C streptococcal infection due to transfusion of a bacterially contaminated pooled platelet unit despite routine bacterial culture screening. Transfusion 2008 Jun 18; [Epub ahead of print]

McDonald C P. Bacterial risk reduction by improved donor arm disinfection, diversion and bacterial screening. (review) Transfus Med 2006 Dec;16 (6), 381–96.

Perpoint T, Lina G, Poyart C, de Barbeyrac B, Traineau R, Jeanne M, et al. Two cases of fatal shock after transfusion of platelets contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus: role of superantigenic toxins. Clin Infect Dis 2004 Nov 15;39(10):e106–9. Epub 2004 Oct 22.

Sreeram GM, Welsby IJ, Sharma AD, Phillips-Bute B, Smith PK, Slaughter TF. Infectious complications after cardiac surgery: lack of association with fresh frozen plasma or platelet transfusions. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005 Aug;19(4):430–4.

te Boekhorst PA, Beckers EA, Vos MC, Vermeij H, van Rhenen DJ. Clinical significance of bacteriologic screening in platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2005 Apr;45(4): 514–9.

Yazer MH, Triulzi DJ. Use of a pH meter for bacterial screening of whole blood platelets. Transfusion 2005 Jul;45(7):1133–7.

General

Bihl F, Castelli D, Marincola F, Dodd RY, Brander C. Transfusion-transmitted infections. J Transl Med 2007 Jun 6, 5:25.

Blajchman MA, Eleftherios C. Vamvakas EC. The continuing risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. N Engl J Med 2006 Sep 28;355(13):1303–5.

Evatt B. Infectious disease in the blood supply and the public health response. Semin Hematol 2006 Apr;43(2 Suppl 3):S4-9.

Leiss W, Tyshenko M, Krewski D. Men having sex with men donor deferral risk assessment: an analysis using risk management principles. Transfus Med Rev 2008 Jan;22(1):35–57.

Shulman I. Testing blood donors for communicable diseases (update) Lab Med 2006 Feb.15

Solheim BG, Seghatchian J. Update on pathogen reduction technology for therapeutic plasma: an overview. Transfus Apher Sci. 2006 Aug;35(1):83–90.

Solheim BG. Universal pathogen-reduced plasma in elective open-heart surgery and liver resection. Clin Med Re. 2006 Sep;4(3):209–17.

Webert KE, Cserti CM, Hannon J, Lin Y, Pavenski K, Pendergrast JM, Blajchman MA. Proceedings of a Consensus Conference: pathogen inactivation-making decisions about new technologies. Transfus Med Rev 2008 Jan;22(1):1–34.

Parasites & tick-borne bacteria

Anaplasmosis

Babesiosis

Asad S, Sweeney J, Mermel LA. Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in Rhode Island. Transfusion 2009 Sep 16 [Epub ahead of print]

• Babesiosis: call for better blood screening

Gubernot DM, Nakhasi HL, Mied PA, Asher DM, Epstein JS, Kumar S. Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in the United States: summary of a workshop. Transfusion 2009 Oct 10 [Epub ahead of print]

Johnson ST, Cable RG, Tonnetti L, Spencer B, Rios J, Leiby DA. Seroprevalence of Babesia microti in blood donors from Babesia-endemic areas of the northeastern United States: 2000 through 2007. Transfusion 2009 Oct. 10 [Epub ahead of print]

Gubernot DM, Lucey CT, Lee KC, Conley GB, Holness LG, Wise RP. Babesia infection through blood transfusions: reports received by the US Food and Drug Administration, 1997–2007. Clin Infect Dis 2009 Jan 1;48(1):25–30.

• Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis up in U.S. (19 Jan. 2009)

Della-Giustina D, Laird TW Jr, Smith T. Transfusion-acquired babesiosis in a nonendemic area. Mil Med 2005 Apr;170(4):295–6.

Chagas Disease

See TraQ's Chagas clearinghouse

Malaria

Kitchen AD, Chiodini PL. Malaria and blood transfusion. Vox Sang 2006 Feb;90(2):77–84.

vCJD

See TraQ clearinghouse: vCJD

Viruses

TraQ clearinghouse:WNV

Transmission of human herpesvirus 8 by blood transfusion. (letter) N Engl J Med Jan 4;356(1):87-9.

Arnold DM, Julian JA, Walker IR. Mortality rates and causes of death among all HIV-positive individuals with hemophilia in Canada over twenty-one years of follow up. Blood First Edition Paper, prepublished online March 21, 2006.

Busch MP, Wright DJ, Custer B, Tobler LH, Stramer SL, Kleinman SH, et al. West Nile virus infections projected from blood donor screening data, United States, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2006 Mar [cited 30 Jan. 2006].

Hladik W, et al. Transmission of human herpesvirus 8 by blood transfusion. N Engl J Med 2006 Sep 28;355(13):1331–8.

Stoto MA. The precautionary principle and emerging biologic risks: lessons from human immunodeficiency virus in blood products. Semin Hematol 2006 Apr;43(2 Suppl 3):S10–2.

Strong DM, Nelson K, Pierce M, Stramer SL. Preventing disease transmission by deceased tissue donors by testing blood for viral nucleic acid. Cell Tissue Bank 2005 Dec;6(4):255–62.

Tjon GM, Coutinho RA, van den Hoek A, Esman S, Wijkmans CJ, Hoebe CJ, et al. High and persistent excretion of hepatitis A virus in immunocompetent patients. J Med Virol 2006 Nov;78(11):1398–405.

Also see Complications (pre-2005 literature)

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